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February 9, 2006
Does Islam Really Prohibit Muhammad Images And Jokes About Religion?
Topics: Understanding Islam[Image: A miniature by Sultan Muhammad-Nur Bokharai, showing Muhammad riding Buraq, a horse with the face of a beautiful woman, on his way to Jerusalem]
Amir Taheri says in the Opinion Journal that Islam prohibits neither images of Muhammad nor jokes about religion, and that the claim that the ban on depicting Muhammad and other prophets is an absolute principle of Islam is also refuted by history. Apparently many portraits of Muhammad have been drawn by Muslim artists, often commissioned by Muslim rulers, themselves.
"The Muslim Fury," one newspaper headline screamed. "The Rage of Islam Sweeps Europe," said another. "The clash of civilizations is coming," warned one commentator. All this refers to the row provoked by the publication of cartoons of the prophet Muhammad in a Danish newspaper four months ago. Since then a number of demonstrations have been held, mostly--though not exclusively--in the West, and Scandinavian embassies and consulates have been besieged.Taheri also addresses the matter of Islam having a sense of humor, and writes that Islam has always had a sense of humor and has never called for chopping heads as the answer to satirists.But how representative of Islam are all those demonstrators? The "rage machine" was set in motion when the Muslim Brotherhood--a political, not a religious, organization--called on sympathizers in the Middle East and Europe to take the field. A fatwa was issued by Yussuf al-Qaradawi, a Brotherhood sheikh with his own program on al-Jazeera. Not to be left behind, the Brotherhood's rivals, Hizb al-Tahrir al-Islami (Islamic Liberation Party) and the Movement of the Exiles (Ghuraba), joined the fray. Believing that there might be something in it for themselves, the Syrian Baathist leaders abandoned their party's 60-year-old secular pretensions and organized attacks on the Danish and Norwegian embassies in Damascus and Beirut.
However, both Taheri's piece and a piece in the L.A. Times by Jamil Momand, a professor of biochemistry at Cal State Los Angeles (entitled "What would Muhammad do?"), suggesting that the violent cartoon ragers would have displeased the founder of Islam himself, drew criticism from Jihad Watch's Robert Spencer who says that both Momand and Taheri are only looking at part of the evidence about Muhammad, and generalizing without warrant:
In fact, the prophet asked his followers to assassinate poets who had insulted him -- Abu 'Afak and 'Asma bint Marwan -- and rejoiced at their deaths. When the killer of 'Asma reported his deed to Muhammad, Muhammad replied: "You have helped Allah and His Apostle, O Umayr!" (The Sira of Ibn Ishaq, 995-996).So what are we to believe? Given the reputation of Robert Spencer, and of course the facts that he provides that are more objective than subjective - as in the case of the discussions by Tahiri and are Momand, I give more weight to Spencer, especially since he is not defending his religion, rather, attempting to disclose discrepancies in the facts presented by others.What was Abu 'Afak's offense? He composed a poem praising some of Muhammad's opponents, and lamenting their defeat by the Muslims: "A rider who came to them split them in two, saying 'Permitted,' 'Forbidden,' all sorts of things" -- which was a small jab at the legalism of Islam. Muhammad accordingly asked for his death. When 'Asma bint Marwan heard he was dead, she was angry, and her poem calls in turn for the death of Muhammad after Abu 'Afak was murdered: "Is there no man of pride who would attack [Muhammad] by surprise and cut off the hopes of those who expect aught from him?" But as a woman in 7th century Arabia, she was in little position to make good on this call or influence anyone else to do so. Muhammad had no reason to treat her as a serious threat. Nonetheless he called for -- and received -- her death also.
On another occasion Muhammad was at prayer when his enemies provoked him with a vile deed: "Narrated 'Abdullah: While the Prophet was in the state of prostration, surrounded by a group of people from [the] Mushrikun [unbelievers] of the Quraish, 'Uqba bin Abi Mu'ait came and brought the intestines of a camel and threw them on the back of the Prophet."
The prophet found in this undeniable humiliation no occasion for mercy: "The Prophet did not raise his head from prostration till Fatima (i.e. his daughter) came and removed those intestines from his back, and invoked evil on whoever had done (that evil deed). The Prophet said, 'O Allah! Destroy the chiefs of Quraish, O Allah! Destroy Abu Jahl bin Hisham, 'Utba bin Rabi'a, Shaiba bin Rabi'a, 'Uqba bin Abi Mu'ait, 'Umaiya bin Khalaf (or Ubai bin Kalaf).' Later on I saw all of them killed during the battle of Badr and their bodies were thrown into a well except the body of Umaiya or Ubai, because he was a fat man, and when he was pulled, the parts of his body got separated before he was thrown into the well." (Bukhari, vol. 4, book 58, no. 3185 -- print edition numbering)
In sum, there is ample evidence that this was not a man who thought a soft answer turned away wrath, or who was interested in turning the other cheek and reacting with gentleness when insulted or humiliated. The cartoon ragers may well see in him not only one whose honor they must avenge, but whose example in the face of insults they must follow.
Posted by Richard at February 9, 2006 10:43 PM
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